Consumption patterns and nutrition
Food consumption patterns
Image: via Flickr (by: Lighttruth)
This Knowledge Portal topic page deals with food consumption patterns and trends. It looks at the factors and actors influencing consumer choice. This may include intra-household and community level dynamics, other socio-cultural factors, economic and market factors, policies, and ecological or geographical factors. The topic page also looks at how food preferences and consumer demand influence the market and the food system as a whole.
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August 17th, 2020
Published by Nutrition Journal, May 20th, 2020
This study determined maternal dietary diversity, breastfeeding and, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and identified reasons for poor nutiriton and suboptimal breastfeeding in five rural communities in South Africa, in the context of cultural beliefs and social aspects. Finding a balance between mothers' income, dietary diversity, cultural beliefs, breastfeeding and considering life of lactating mothers so that they will not feel burdened and isolated when breastfeeding and taking care of their children is crucial. »
June 19th, 2020
Published by Current Development in Nutrition, May 29th, 2020
This study examined the dietary diversity and its determinants among in-school adolescent girls in two regions in Southern Ethiopia. Unsurprisingly, food availability at home and food insecurity followed by nutrition knowledge were significantly associated with dietary diversity score. »
May 13th, 2020
Published by Hivos, IIED, April 1st, 2020
This paper (PDF) by Hivos and IIED shares results of research carried out together with women vendors in dining areas of markets in La Paz, Bolivia, guided by interest and concerns of the vendors themselves. Bolivian people’s diets have changed significantly in recent years due to urbanisation, increased purchasing power, and changes in consumer preferences. »
May 7th, 2020
Published by Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, January 27th, 2020
This study estimates a food demand system, including 15 major food items in Vietnam, with multiyear household survey data. As the Vietnam economy continues to grow, per capita rice consumption in both urban and rural areas and across different income groups will continue to decline, whereas demand for other high‐value products will rise. »
April 16th, 2020
Published by Food Security Journal, March 13th, 2020
This study examines the sociocultural drivers of gendered household decisions to produce and sell or consume nutritious crops. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of diet patterns and preferences in the study population. »
March 31st, 2020
Published by International Journal of Consumer Studies, March 26th, 2020
This study aimed to gain an understanding of the challenges and needs experienced by households with different food security statuses. Results revealed that households had experienced insufficient food supply to such an extent that the household was at risk of becoming food insecure or actually insecure among medium and high‐income groups. »
January 13th, 2020
Published by Hivos, IIED, December 2nd, 2019
This study aimed to better understand the triple burden of malnutrition, diets, and the drivers of food choices in East Java, Indonesia. The ‘triple burden of malnutrition’ is particularly stark in Indonesia, where there are both high rates of both childhood chronic undernutrition and overweight. »
December 18th, 2019
Published by Joint Research Centre , January 1st, 2019
This report focuses on the concern that urbanization will have profound effects on eating patterns and increase the risk of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. It is found that individuals who relocated to urban areas experience a much more pronounced shift away from the consumption of traditional staples, and towards more high-sugar, conveniently consumed and prepared foods. Living in an urban environment is not found to contribute positively to the intake of protein-rich foods, nor to diet diversity. Moreover, the results indicate that the growth of unhealthy food consumption with urbanization is largely linked to rising incomes. »
November 13th, 2019
Published by Agricultural Systems Journal, November 1st, 2019
This study discerns the drivers of household dietary diversity in the context of farmers evolving from subsistence toward commercial production, in the Greater Mekong Region (GMS). The results show that the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) is found to increase among the sites in a way that is roughly associate with their state of agricultural transition, though differing combinations of market orientation, specialisation, and intensification traits that describe such a transition suggest that the pathway to commercialisation, and dietary diversity, is not a linear one. »
October 31st, 2019
Published by Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, July 1st, 2019
This study examines whether agroecological farming practices can improve food security and dietary diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa. findings indicate that poor, vulnerable farmers can use agroecological methods to effectively improve food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa. The study also highlights how linking agroecology to participatory research approaches that promote farmer experimentation and gender equity also lead to greater health and well-being. »
October 10th, 2019
Published by Food and Nutrition Bulletin, April 11th, 2019
This study aims to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption among women of reproductive age living in rural communities in India. Women knew that fruit and vegetables were beneficial to health and expressed that they wanted to increase the intake of these foods for themselves and their children. »
August 15th, 2019
Published by Sustainability Journal, August 9th, 2019
This article examins relationships between consumers’ socioeconomic status, use of different modern and traditional retailers, and dietary patterns in urban Zambia. Use of modern retailers is positively associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. However, the use of traditional stores and kiosks is also positively associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods, suggesting that modern retailers are not the only drivers of dietary transitions. »
August 8th, 2019
Published by Sustainability Journal, July 18th, 2019
This paper explores correlations and linkages between neighbourhood food environments and household food environments, with particular emphasis on the risk they pose for obesity. The results reveal that household food environments promoting obesity appear correlated with neighbourhood food environments, which make obesogenic foods accessible and available. They also suggest that poverty is a powerful determinant not only of household consumption and purchasing but also of local food environments. »
March 26th, 2019
Published by Food Policy Journal, February 1st, 2019
This article examines the linkage between farm production diversity and household dietary diversity in rural Ghana and how that linkage changed between 2005–06 and 2012–13. Results suggest that farm production diversification, as well as household income growth, continues to be strongly associated with increased household dietary diversity. Recent agricultural transformation seems to have not yet markedly improved integration of rural food and agricultural markets into the wider economy. »
March 13th, 2019
Published by Global Food Security Journal, March 12th, 2019
This article assesss to what extent and how studies used and interpreted common metrics of dietary diversity, which would improve comparability across studies to produce global evidence of the impact of agriculture on nutrition and food security. Most studies based on individual level FGIs were consistent with published guidance, while many of the studies measuring households’ dietary diversity were not, particularly in terms of interpretation of the indicators or of food group classification. »
February 28th, 2019
Published by A4NH-CGIAR, IFPRI, February 28th, 2019
This report presents evidence on evolving dietary patterns in Nigeria. Research revealed a complex and nuanced picture of consumer demand for processed foods. Consumption of highly processed foods at home has been decreasing over time in Nigeria. Furthermore, though consumption of food eaten away from home has increased, much about that food is unknown. »
February 15th, 2019
Published by Plos One, September 13th, 2018
This study developed local food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and studied whether these are supported by the diversity and quantity of the production of a household. Results imply that even when the FBDGs are fully adopted the requirements for several nutrients will not be met. In addition, the nutrient needs and food needs of a household were only marginally covered by their own food production. »
January 22nd, 2019
Published by Springer, December 20th, 2018
This article aims to provide a preliminary overview of the macro trends that are emerging in regard to Chinese food security strategy at the national level and the food preferences at the household level and its implications for Vietnam. »
January 7th, 2019
Published by Frontiers in Psychology, December 6th, 2018
This paper provides an overview of research highlighting the relation between cultural processes, social norms, and food choices, discussing the implication of these findings for the promotion of more sustainable lifestyles. Development of evidence-based policies in the domain of more sustainable food choices could be based on a combination of cultural and education interventions with urban planning management and transformation. »
October 18th, 2018
Published by Global Food Security Journal, December 3rd, 2018
This article presents a case study of food nutrient supplies in eight selected countries within the context of their growing demand for livestock-derived food (LDF). Results show that supply of LDF grows substantially and relative to other food groups in at least four of the countries. »
September 18th, 2018
Published by World Development, October 1st, 2018
This article aims to study whether and how urbanization impacts dietary change. The study shows that moving to an urban area does not effect the intake of fats, animal-source foods, and dietary diversity. But diets shift away from the consumption of traditional staples, towards high-sugar, prepared foods. »
August 29th, 2018
Published by UWE Bristol, January 1st, 2018
This study explores food security in the context of inequality and dietary change in schoolchildren in Accra.It shows that socio-economic status is a critical dimension of food security and consumption. Urban food security is defined by two phenomena: intra-urban inequality and global dietary change. »
August 9th, 2018
Published by IIED, May 1st, 2018
This synthesis paper discusses why agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity are important, the relationship between them, the reasons why they are at risk, and what can be done to foster them. The world is witnessing major shifts in dietary patterns and - in parallel - the threat to agricultural biodiversity. »
July 28th, 2018
Published by Global Food Security Journal, June 1st, 2018
This article reviews the impact of culture on all four dimensions of food security (availability, access and choice, utilization, and stability). This review has shown that what we eat, as well as how and why we obtain, process, store, prepare, share, and eat food, is affected by culture in various ways. »
July 26th, 2018
Published by Aquaculture, July 2nd, 2018
This paper aims to generate information on the fish consumption patterns of poor urban households and explore the role of aquaculture as a source of fish among poor urban households in Zambia. Results imply that the poorest households are less likely to supplement their diets with fish products from aquaculture. »
June 4th, 2018
Published by Food Policy Journal, May 1st, 2018
This paper aims to provide better understanding of the relationship between income growth and the demand for different types of food, nutrients and calories in Africa by conducting a meta-analysis of income elasticity estimates. Almost all income elasticities reported are positive. »
May 14th, 2018
Published by The Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition, April 18th, 2017
This brief seeks to stimulate governments and other stakeholders to help build strategies to incentivize the private sector to influence food systems in ways that will improve the food environment, and enable dietary choices. »
April 20th, 2018
Published by Food Security Journal, February 1st, 2018
This research analysed whether higher levels of farm production diversity contribute to improved diets in smallholder farm households. Different indicators are used and compared to better understand the underlying linkages. »
April 5th, 2018
Published by SPRING, February 28th, 2018
This systematic review aims to summarize current dietary intakes, patterns, and practices of adolescent girls (ages 10–19 years) in low- and middle-income countries. Adolescent girls in LMIC have poor nutrition profiles, including high risks for undernutrition, overweight/obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies. »
March 28th, 2018
Published by Food Policy, January 31st, 2018
This article studies the impact of the Zimbabwe Harmonized Social Cash Transfer (HSCT), an unconditional cash transfer, on household food security. Cash transfers are a policy instrument that can help build household resiliency in obtaining access to food. »
December 20th, 2017
Published by journal Global Food Security, April 22nd, 2017
This article reviews alternatives to conventional animal products, including cultured meat, imitation meat and insects, and explores the potential change in global agricultural land requirements associated with each alternative. Cultural and personal associations with animal product consumption create barriers to moderating consumption, and hence reduced environmental impacts. »
November 20th, 2017
Published by AFD, CIRAD, AFRISTAT, October 25th, 2017
This paper is the result of the study on domestic food markets in West Africa, Cameroon and Chad. Food systems in sub-Saharan Africa have changed in recent decades, and many observers have failed to keep up. The results reveal the considerable importance of the domestic food markets compared to the export markets. »
October 17th, 2017
Published by journal African Study Monographs, September 13th, 2017
This article discusses food, cultural identity and development among the agropastoral Suri people of Southwest Ethiopia. Their food system is discussed in its actual form and in its process of change, accelerated since a decade or so. »
October 2nd, 2017
Published by HLPE, September 26th, 2017
This report aims to analyse how food systems influence diets and nutrition. Global dietary patterns have been changing, affecting people in all parts of the world. While some of these changes have had a positive effect on diets that promote health, some have been negative. »
September 27th, 2017
Published by Global Environmental Change, September 19th, 2017
This article estimates global land use and greenhouse gas emissions for a set of scenarios, building on four livestock futures. The scenarios are: further intensification of livestock systems; a transition to plant-based eating; a move towards artificial meat and dairy; and a future in which livestock production is restricted to the use of ‘ecological leftovers’. »
August 16th, 2017
Published by World Development journal, August 5th, 2017
This article examines the effects of supermarkets on consumer diets and nutrition in Kenya. Rising obesity rates in developing countries are the result of changes in people’s diets and lifestyles. Modernizing food retail environments may also play a certain role. »
August 9th, 2017
Published by Food & Nutrition Research Journal, July 6th, 2017
This article aims to describe the dietary behavior among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots living in different Ghanaian settings (urban and rural). Contributions of macro-nutrients to the daily energy intake was different across the three study sites. »
July 11th, 2017
Published by Wageningen Economic Research, June 1st, 2017
This report investigates the dynamics in the food systems in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The African continent is rapidly urbanizing and has shown significant welfare growth rates in recent years. Food systems in SSA show dynamics as in quite a number of countries in this continent diets change. »
June 12th, 2017
Published by Global Food Security Journal, May 31st, 2017
This article sets out to systematically explore what drives the diversification of food supplies (DFS) across countries and regions, and over the course of economic development. A cross-country dataset was constructed and analyzed linking a simple DFS indicator, the share of calories supplied by nonstaple foods, with structural transformation and agroecological indicators. »
June 6th, 2017
Published by ProQuest, June 1st, 2017
This PhD dissertation provides new insight into the nature of the diet transformation that is unfolding in Eastern and Southern Africa, and on some of its drivers and effects. It considers the effects of income and urbanization on the commodity makeup and source of foods in household diets, including processed foods. »
May 8th, 2017
Published by PLOS ONE Journal, April 11th, 2017
This article characterizes global trends in dietary quality for all countries between 1961 and 2011. This is done by estimating micronutrient density of the food supply, and the prevalence of inadequate intake of 14 micronutrients. Over this 50-year period, Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where dietary micronutrient density has declined, while in most regions it improved. »
April 5th, 2017
Published by Springer, February 15th, 2017
This book chapter provides an analytical and policy perspective on the rapid emergence of supermarkets and their modern supply chains, and the subsequent impact on food security and nutritional well-being. The rapid emergence of supermarkets in low- and middle-income countries plays an essential role in providing food (and nutrients) to consumers. »
March 16th, 2017
Published by FAO, March 14th, 2017
This report analyzes a wealth of country data on dietary energy supply, undernourishment indicators and consumption patterns in Europe and Central Asia. The report points to a pattern whereby countries progress from dealing predominantly with undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, to coping with degenerative diseases associated with increased dietary fat, sugar, meat and dairy, and processed foods, linked to overnutrition. Today, 13 percent of the population of the region lives in countries suffering from a "triple burden". »
March 9th, 2017
Published by FAO & Bioversity International, March 2nd, 2017
This report provides new scientific guidelines for collecting information on food biodiversity through dietary surveys. The authors argue that information on food consumption goes hand in hand with information on food composition and both are essential building blocks for nutrition science. Rather than debate which element should come first in research, the authors argue that joint efforts are needed to gain a better understanding of consumption and composition of food biodiversity. »
February 14th, 2017
Published by AAAE, September 26th, 2016
This paper aims to improve our understanding of the impact of rural-urban transition from a micro-level perspective, using evidence from Tanzania. This study will be the first to assess the impact of urbanization on food consumption through comparing individuals’ food consumption patterns before and after they have migrated from rural to urban areas. »
January 23rd, 2017
Published by FAO. OECD, December 15th, 2016
This publication elaborates on the rapidly changing consumer demands in West Africa and the opportunities and constrains for the West African food system related to this. Fueled by a burgeoning population, urbanization and income growth, West African food demand is transforming fast. »
January 13th, 2017
Published by Global Food Security, December 1st, 2016
This article elaborates on how including behavioral economics can influence consumer choices. While the article is focused on the developed world, the authors argue that the lessons learned might be directly applicable to developing countries. Traditional approaches have treated food consumers as if they were making deliberate and calculated food decisions, leading to policies that provide more detailed health information, pricing incentives and direct prohibitions. However, this is often not the case. »
January 13th, 2017
Published by Global Food Security, December 1st, 2016
This article explores how economic growth, income distribution, and trade have influenced patterns of food demand and food security since 1990. It focuses on two of the most rapidly expanding segments of the world food economy: tropical oil crops and aquaculture. Aquaculture, palm oil and soy production have risen by 5–7% annually since 1990. The global economy has also experienced remarkable growth during the past twenty-five years. The related rising incomes have fueled demand for animal protein and processed foods. »
December 14th, 2016
Published by FCRN & the Food Foundation, December 7th, 2016
This report by the Food Climate Research Network (FCRN) and the Food Foundation is based on a meeting, held November 2016, on the topic of metrics for sustainable healthy diets for the food industry. While a range of sustainability metrics for this industry already exists, none comprehensively measure the progress (or otherwise) that food companies are taking to foster a public shift towards more sustainable and healthy eating patterns. »
December 5th, 2016
Published by Agricultural Economics, November 29th, 2016
This article tests whether new technologies and institutions have brought structural shifts in the relationship between economic development to diet-related disorders (the nutrition transition), food production and distribution (agricultural transformation) and governments' agricultural price policies that alter the relative cost of food (the development paradox). It combines food availability and dietary intake data and asks how future dietary patterns might be steered toward healthier outcomes as national incomes grow. »
October 5th, 2016
Published by Global Panel, September 1st, 2016
This report generates a new understanding of diets and food systems, and how they could change by 2030. The analysis shows that if current trends continue, by 2030 nearly half of the world’s adult population will be overweight or obese, up from one third today. The poorest countries are not immune to these trends. »
October 4th, 2016
Published by CCAFS-GGIAR, September 27th, 2016
This info note assessment the available measures to mitigate climate change through shifting food consumption and reveals some opportunities, particularly through linking with public health and other policy areas. Reducing emissions by changing consumption of foods with large greenhouse gas emissions could have a major impact on climate change. Yet, past efforts to change diets through public policy have had mixed results, suggesting that recent estimates of technical mitigation potential likely exceed feasible reductions in emissions. »
September 28th, 2016
Published by IDS & Oxfam, September 8th, 2016
The longitudinal study synthesized in this report is the result of a 4-year collaboration between IDS, Oxfam and research partners. The research was carried out between 2012 and 2015 and involved annual visits to communities in 23 rural, urban and peri-urban sites, along with commissioned reviews of national-level prices and policies over the period. The social, economic and political adjustments made by people in developing countries in the wake of the global food crisis are the focus of this report. »
August 25th, 2016
Published by Rural21, March 22nd, 2016
In this article, country comparisons reveal that dietary diversity is higher in situations with more commercialized agriculture than in subsistence-oriented settings. This suggests that specialization and low on-farm production diversity are not necessarily associated with lower dietary diversity, when diverse types of foods can be purchased from the market. The results show that production diversity has a positive but marginal effect on dietary diversity. »
July 4th, 2016
Published by FCRN & FAO, May 19th, 2016
This report was published jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the Food Climate Research Network (FCRN) and evaluates government-issued food-based dietary guidelines from across the globe, looking in particular at whether they make links to environmental sustainability as well as personal health. The report highlights instances of forward thinking governments who are taking the lead in developing integrated guidance; examines what these guidelines say; identifies common messages; and considers whether and how their approaches could be replicated elsewhere. »
June 29th, 2016
Published by PLoSONE, June 6th, 2016
This article examines the socio-economic correlates of anemia in women and, potential sources of iron in household diets in Afghanistan. It delves into the agriculture-nutrition linkages and tries to understand these in the context of Afghanistan and related to iron-deficiency anemia. The authors found that ownership of agricultural assets (particularly livestock) and their use in food production has a role in alleviating anemia, especially when local markets are inadequate. »
May 31st, 2016
Published by Public Health Nutrition, May 3rd, 2016
This article indicates that forest foods can contribute significantly to achieving nutrition and food security in the forest-dependent communities. Despite the under-utilization and neglect of forest foods, studies indicate that these foods can enrich household diets, providing essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that can prevent undernutrition and coronary diseases, and provide sources of income for millions of people... »
April 28th, 2016
Published by World Resource Institute, April 20th, 2016
This report recommends a dietary shift from animal-based protein to more plant-based protein. People who consume high amounts of meat and dairy could significantly reduce the pressure on the environment from agriculture through shifting to diets with a greater share of plant-based foods. The overall recommendations are that dietary shifts are needed that: 1) reduce overconsumption of calories; 2) reduce overconsumption of protein through reducing consumption of animal-based foods; 3) reduce consumption of beef specifically. »
March 24th, 2016
Published by The Lancet, March 3rd, 2016
This report focuses on the wider health impacts of future changes in agricultural production. While much research focuses on questions on food security, less attention has been devoted to assessing the health impacts. In this modelling study, the authors estimate that the health impacts of climate change from changes in dietary and weight related risk factors could be significant, and exceed other climate-related health impacts that have been estimated. »
February 25th, 2016
Published by Appetite Journal, January 1st, 2016
This article investigates the public perspectives and awareness about the environmental impacts of food and of eating less meat. It thereby considers the cultural and social values associated with eating meat. While reducing meat consumption is central to many of the scientific debates on healthy and sustainable diets, the social and cultural values related to meat consumption are often not evaluated. »
January 26th, 2016
Published by IIED, December 1st, 2015
This report elaborates on the changing patterns of food consumption and production between rural and urban areas and its impacts on food security. In the past, rural areas produced food primarily for cities. Urban residents often consumed more than they needed, while the poorest rural smallholders often went hungry. Today, rural areas still produce, but they are also consumers and poor city dwellers now also suffer from hunger. »
January 21st, 2016
Published by Science of the Total Environment, December 15th, 2015
This article employs a calorie-based approach to determine which feed calories do compete with human consumption for crop use and considers to what extent alternative scenarios could have reduced this competition between food and feed. Animal production exerts significant demands on land, water and food resources. However, demand for animal source foods has more than tripled over the past 50 years and the livestock sector has transitioned towards more intensive and concentrated production systems. »
December 1st, 2015
Published by Chatham House, November 24th, 2015
The authors of this report argue that governments must lead in shifting attitudes and behaviors of consumers to lower meat consumption. According to the report, reduction in global meat consumption is key to mitigating climate change and keeping global warming below two degrees Celsius. Global meat consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are at all-time highs. The livestock sector accounts for 15 percent of all emissions, the equivalent to the emissions of all vehicles worldwide. »
July 16th, 2015
Published by AFD, June 1st, 2015
This report elaborates on the importance of food markets for food consumption in African cities and rural areas. It argues that food systems in West Africa are rapidly changing and that, contrary to popular belief, the percentage of subsistence farming for food consumption in rural areas is also declining. Therefore, market supply is becoming the main source for food consumption and rural as well as urban household tend to become more vulnerable to fluctuation in food prices on these markets, which impacts their food security. »
June 3rd, 2015
Published by Maternal & Child Nutrition, January 1st, 2015
This article elaborates on the impacts of dairy intensification to human nutrition and household food security. While dairy intensification could improve human nutrition and food security due to higher incomes for the farmers, it could as have negative impacts. This is related to the increasing workload of mothers which could have negative effects on infant and young child feeding (IYCF), since mothers could experience more stress, have less time for feeding and have specific beliefs about the timing and appropriate types of complementary foods. »
May 13th, 2015
Published by PNAS, January 29th, 2014
This article (PDF) in PNAS by a group of researchers provides evidence of change in the relative importance of different crop plants in national food supplies worldwide over the past 50 years. Trends in the richness, abundance, and composition of crop species in national food supplies worldwide were assessed. The study shows that over the... »
May 12th, 2015
Published by Me-Nsope, Nathalie Mongue,
This dissertation by Me-Nsope, Nathalie Mongue examines food consumption patterns in the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS). The study provides detailed information on food demand parameters, which are critical to improving policymakers' ability to make sound food policy decisions. »
May 6th, 2015
Published by ODI, January 10th, 2014
This report (PDF) by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), highlights dramatic increases in the numbers of overweight or obese people in the past 30 years. Previously considered a problem in richer countries, the biggest rises are in middle income countries and the developing world. »
April 15th, 2015
Published by Universidad del Pacífico, September 23rd, 2014
This paper (PDF) from the Universidad del Pacífico explores changes in the level and composition of per capita food consumption across the world. The world's food output has more than trebled since 1961 whilst population only doubled, causing a marked increase in per capita food supply. Besides these overall increases in food consumption, the composition of the average diet also changed. »
April 14th, 2015
Published by FAO, October 9th, 2014
The FAO Food Outlook is a biannual publication (May/June and November/December) focusing on developments affecting global food and feed markets. This report (PDF) from October 2014 highlights that food markets are more stable and prices for most agricultural commodities are sharply lower than they have been in recent years. »
March 31st, 2015
Published by Morningstar, September 26th, 2014
Morningstar analysts published a report (PDF) that covers aspects of the emerging markets' diet as an important growth driver for consumption– from trends in meat and dairy consumption, to those in beer and processed food. The focus of the paper is on China, India, Brazil, Southeast Asia (mainly Indonesia), and sub-Saharan Africa. By use of global and country-level data, links between diets and incomes and the important roles of urbanization, culture, religion, geography and biology are examined. »
March 31st, 2015
Published by MSC, November 11th, 2014
Research into seafood buying behaviour around the world shows that consumers are increasingly looking for fish products from a sustainable source, and that ecolabels give credibility to these claims. For this research, over 9,000 regular seafood buyers from 15 countries across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America were questioned. »
