Agricultural transformation in Africa? Assessing the evidence in Ethiopia
This article in the journal World Development explores the rapid change in the agriculture sector of Ethiopia during 2004-14. Despite significant efforts, Africa has struggled to imitate the rapid agricultural growth that took place in Asia in the 1960s and 1970s. As a rare but important exception, Ethiopia’s agriculture sector recorded remarkable rapid growth during 2004–14. The evidence on agricultural growth is reviewed and the contributions of modern inputs to growth decomposed using an adjusted Solow decomposition model. The authors highlight the key pathways Ethiopia followed to achieve its agricultural growth. Results show that land and labor use expanded significantly and total factor productivity grew by about 2.3% per year over the study period. Moreover, modern input use more than doubled, explaining some of this growth. The expansion in modern input use appears to have been driven by high government expenditures on the agriculture sector, including agricultural extension, but also by an improved road network, higher rural education levels, and favorable international and local price incentives.